Tuesday, April 5, 2011

05/04 Experts support TEPCO decision to discharge radioactive water into sea

Experts support TEPCO decision to discharge radioactive water into sea

In this photo taken on Thursday, March 31, 2011 by Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force and released by Japan Defense Ministry Friday, April 1, a U.S. military barge carrying pure water arrives to the quay near Unit 1 of the tsunami-stricken Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear complex in Okumamachi, Fukushima Prefecture, northeastern Japan, after being towed by a JMSDF tugboat, not shown. (AP Photo/Japan Defense Ministry)
In this photo taken on Thursday, March 31, 2011 by Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force and released by Japan Defense Ministry Friday, April 1, a U.S. military barge carrying pure water arrives to the quay near Unit 1 of the tsunami-stricken Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear complex in Okumamachi, Fukushima Prefecture, northeastern Japan, after being towed by a JMSDF tugboat, not shown. (AP Photo/Japan Defense Ministry)

Many experts have expressed support for a decision made recently by Tokyo Electric Power Co. (TEPCO) to discharge 11,500 metric tons of radioactive water from its crippled nuclear power plant in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea.

They say there is no other choice even though they acknowledge that the practice is far from desirable.

Experts predict that radioactive water discharged from the Fukushima No. 1 Nuclear Power Plant into the eastern Pacific Ocean will drift east, and that the amount of radiation in the water will be reduced to a level difficult to detect a year later.

A research team headed by Masanao Nakano of the semi-governmental Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) estimated in 2001 that if 6 trillion becquarels of cesium-137 were released into the Pacific Ocean off Ibaraki Prefecture, it would be reduced to one-ten-thousandth of a becquerel per liter of seawater on the surface of the northern Pacific Ocean a year later.

Since the seawater usually contains one-thousandth of a becquerel of cesium-137 per liter due to past nuclear tests, the estimation suggests the cesium deliberately released into the sea could not be detected a year later. The so-called Long-Term Assessment Model of Radionuclides in the Oceans (LAMER) developed by the JAEA was used to make the estimation.

TEPCO says the contaminated water it plans to discharge into the sea contains about 170 billion becquerels of radiation in total. Based on the 2001 estimation, the amount would likely be reduced to one-millionth of a becquerel per liter of water.

In this Saturday, April 2, 2011 photo released by Tokyo Electric Power Co. (TEPCO), leaking radioactive contaminated water drain through crack of a maintenance pit, right, into the sea, near the Unit 2 reactor of Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear nuclear power plant in Okumamachi, Fukushima Prefecture, northeastern Japan.(AP Photo/Tokyo Electric Power Co.)
In this Saturday, April 2, 2011 photo released by Tokyo Electric Power Co. (TEPCO), leaking radioactive contaminated water drain through crack of a maintenance pit, right, into the sea, near the Unit 2 reactor of Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear nuclear power plant in Okumamachi, Fukushima Prefecture, northeastern Japan.(AP Photo/Tokyo Electric Power Co.)

However, noting that the contaminated water contains not only cesium-137 but also iodine-131 with a half life of only eight days, Nakano predicts that the actual levels of radiation in the seawater will be far less.

Kenya Mizuguchi, professor emeritus at Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, expressed his understanding of TEPCO's plan to discharge radioactive water into the sea.

"I don't want contaminated water to be released into the sea but priority should now be placed on cooling down the reactors and ensuring their safety as soon as possible," he said. "Unless the reactors are cooled down, it could endanger the lives of workers there and allow radiation leaks to continue."

Jun Misonoo, a senior researcher with the Marine Ecology Research Institute, downplays the possible effects of radiation on marine products.

"It'll have little effect on people's health via marine products, but I still hope the radiation levels will go down as soon as possible," he said.

(Mainichi Japan) April 5, 2011


東日本大震災:福島第1原発事故 低濃度汚染水、海に放出 東電、窮余の策

 ◇専門家「冷却優先、やむなし」

 東京電力は4日、低レベルの放射性物質を含んだ福島第1原発施設内の汚染水1万1500トンを自ら海に放出する「禁じ手」を行うことを決断した。専門家の多くが「望ましくないが、背に腹は代えられない」という緊急避難策だ。【須田桃子、下桐実雅子、八田浩輔、河内敏康】

 海洋に放出された低濃度汚染水はどのように拡散していくのか。専門家は、汚染水中の放射性物質が海流に乗って北太平洋を東へ運ばれ、1年後には検出困難なレベルまで希釈されると予想する。

 日本原子力研究開発機構の中野政尚・技術副主幹らのチームが01年にまとめた試算がある。仮に茨城県の沖合から6兆ベクレルのセシウム137を海に放出した場合、1年後には北太平洋の表層の最も高い場所でも、海水1リットル中1万分の1ベクレル程度と推計された。海水中には通常、過去に実施された大気圏内核実験の影響で1リットル中1000分の1ベクレル程度のセシウム137が含まれるため、1年後には放出の影響を検出するのが難しくなるという結果だ。試算には、同機構が開発したプログラム「海洋環境放射能による長期的地球規模リスク評価モデル(略称・LAMER=ラメール)」を使った。

 東電によると、今回放出される低濃度汚染水の放射能の強さは、全体で約1700億ベクレル。01年の試算結果を参考にすると、1年後には1リットル中100万分の1ベクレル程度に希釈されると予想される。中野氏は「放出する汚染水には、セシウム137だけでなく、半減期が8日と短いヨウ素131も含まれる。海水中の実際の量はもっと少なくなるだろう」と話す。

 ◇「健康影響低い」

 放射性物質を含む汚染水を大量に放出する事態について、魚や海と放射性物質の関係に詳しい水口憲哉・東京海洋大名誉教授(資源維持論)は「汚染水を海に捨ててほしくはないが、原子炉を冷やして一刻も早く安全な状態にもっていくことを優先させるべきだ。冷却が進まなければ作業員の命にかかわるうえ、放射性物質の飛散が続く事態を招く」と一定の理解を示す。

 海洋生物環境研究所の御園生(みそのお)淳・研究参与(環境放射能)も「今は、背に腹は代えられないということなのだと思う」と話す。御園生氏は「(東電が公表する)濃度であれば、放出した分に関する限りは問題にならない」と解説する。海産物を経由した健康影響についても「ほとんどないが、早く薄まってくれることを祈る」と言う。代谷(しろや)誠治・原子力安全委員は「(放射線のレベルが)高い廃水を漏らさないことが第一に取るべき道。高いものを放出しない枠組みができるのなら致し方ない。健康影響は低いだろう」との見方を示した。


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